Really, How Hard is it to Become a French Citizen

Really, How Hard is it to Become a French Citizen How to Become a French Citizen ChaptersBecoming A French Citizen at BirthBecoming Naturalized a French CitizenMultiple CitizenshipHow to Apply for CitizenshipIs There a French Citizenship Test?Tips for Applying for French CitizenshipPeople that Can Help Your Application.Advantages of Being a French CitizenWhat a Tutor Can Do for You.So you’ve taken French courses, learned to speak French, know everything there is to know about French culture and  French etiquette and have been living in France for some time. And so, in view of the impending Brexit and a hope to continue to move freely in the Schengen area, you would like to become a French citizen.It's not an incredibly straightforward process - and it is clearly not an option available for everyone. It is only applicable to those who were born on French soil, who were born to French parents, who have lived in France for five years, or who are married to a French spouse.Here, we walk you through some of the conditions set by the French government to determine wh o can be French citizens - and we talk you through the process of acquiring the papers you need.abroad, you should contact your consulate or embassy.You will need to fill out form cerfa n °12753*02 in duplicateYou will have to furnish proof of the information given on form cerfa n °12753*02, such as a certificate of birth, marriage certificate and the relevant residence and work permit.You will need to decide if you want your name and that of your children to be Gallicised  or not. For example, famous French actor Jean Reno was born Juan Moreno y Herrera-Jiménez of Andalusian immigrants in Morocco.If something changes (residence or work situation) after having deposited your application, there is an additional form to fill out to inform the authorities.Legally, the préfecture is charged with sending on your dossier to the ministry in charge of naturalisation within six months; the delay for processing your petition is of eighteen months, twelve if you have been resident in France for at least ten years.If the decision is favourable, you will be notified by post and the naturalisation decree will be published in the official Journal. Unlike acquiring American citizenship after you had been issued a Green card, there is no naturalization ceremony.If your application has been rejected, you have a two-month delay to appeal.local and national elections and in the presidential election.Voting and taxes are two sides of one medaillon; it’s up to you whether it’s worth all the red tape.If you should then move abroad, your children will be eligible - if they, too, have the French nationality through you - to obtain a permit allowing them to study at a foreign French school - these Lycées Français are found in every major global city, stick to the French curriculum and are ideal for those who move around a lot for work.What a Tutor Can Do for You.You might find that your French needs a bit of a polish - or your knowledge of French culture. When the stakes are hi gh - i.e. when the risk of failure is having to wait a further two years - it's worth making sure that your chances are as high as they can possibly be.So, if you are worried about your level of French, get a French tutor to settle your nerves. And if you can't tell Louis XII from Louis XIV, it might be worth taking some classes a tutor of French history.

Everything to Know About Circuit Training

Everything to Know About Circuit Training The Ultimate Guide for Circuit Training ChaptersCircuit Training: Its Advantages Compared to Other MethodsThe Optimal Frequency to Practice Circuit TrainingCircuit Training Geared Towards WomenAdvantages of Practicing this Optimized WorkoutCircuit training is a high intensity, strength and resistance training method that allows you to optimize your physical performance - whether that be at the gym or at home. This complete body workout involves completing anaerobic and aerobic exercise moves in timed intervals, one after the other and without a rest break between each move.Popular not just in the UK but worldwide, this relatively new concept in interval training can replace whatever weight training or strength training fitness program that just isn’t working for you. It's an especially good move if you're expecting, as exercise during pregnancy has been proven to improve your life. Its advantages with regards to your total body fitness and strength are numerous, one of which includes giving you an endless variety of exer cise combinations.Superprof invites you to discover everything there is to know about circuit training, along with its advantages concerning your bodyweight and muscle groups as well as how it can be adopted to specific skill levels. Along with information on how frequently you should do a circuit workout, you’ll be able to start achieving your fitness goals today!Get a good personal trainer near me here. Weight loss training can be done with friends! CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi imoleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/ h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsCircuit Training: Its Advantages Compared to Other MethodsWhile many people try workout routine after workout routine to try to accomplish their body fat or muscle mass goals, many people find that circuit training is often one program they can stick to in the long term. Here are some of the ways circuit training offers benefits for weight loss and building muscle that other fitness programs just can’t.A Fun AlternativeCircuit training can be compared most to CrossFit, cross-training and HIIT exercise programs. While a HIIT workout, or high-intensity in terval training, is an exercise program that involves performing exercise moves with rest in between each, CrossFit involves defining a workout of the day in advance that involves lifting weights with some gym equipment. While there are many differences between these training exercises and circuit training, the main advantage of circuit training has over the majority of classic workouts is its malleability.Whether your goal is to work on your lower body, upper body, or incorporate more aerobic moves - circuit training offers sessions that are both varied and easily adaptable to different skill levels.Power CircuitWhile many people might recall more traditional training workouts for fat loss or toning when thinking of gaining muscular endurance, circuit training and traditional weight lifting can be combined into a powerful, full-body workout called the power circuit. Along with cardio workouts and bodyweight exercises found in circuit training, you can introduce gym equipment to mov es like squats and lunges in order to build muscle. Some examples of equipment you can use are:KettlebellDumbbellBarbellMedicine ballThe Optimal Frequency to Practice Circuit TrainingWhether you practice circuit training at home with a personal trainer or at the gym alone, knowing how regularly to exercise in order to burn fat or burn calories can be a hard thing to gauge even with the most skilled guides. The first step you should take, before even doing a push up or grabbing your jump rope is to define some fitness goals for yourself.While you may have the motivation to start a fitness program, join a cardio workout class or do weight exercises at the moment, not having specific goals can often be detrimental to your motivation to workout. Some examples of specific goals you can set are improving your heart fitness through cardiovascular exercise or increasing your overall muscle gain through a total body workout. Whatever your goal is, make sure you have one before you start your fitness journey!After you’ve defined your objectives, here are some general rules of thumb you can follow when deciding how frequently to perform your body weight exercises and to what level of intensity.The best exercise will be one adapted to your skill levelBeginner LevelAt the beginner level, you have led a majority sedentary life for a while. Meaning, while you may be just as motivated to complete your whole-body cardio exercise workout or ready to tone your major muscle groups, you’ll need to take extra care in making sure you don’t overexert yourself. Pay close attention to your body and give yourself enough rest in order to avoid injuries.That being said, a circuit training session at this level will last around 20 minutes. This means you will be performing 4 or 5 circuits made up of 5 or 4 minutes of exercise moves and rest breaks. Ideally, you should take about 2 minutes of rest break between each circuit while completing each move for at least 20 seconds each.Inter mediate LevelAt this level, whether you’re doing body workouts for weight loss or for fat burning and toning, your workout should last around 30 minutes. You can go ahead and perform each move for 30 seconds each with about 1 minute for a rest break between each round.AdvancedAt the advanced level, while you may still care about fat loss and cardiovascular fitness, your goals are probably more geared towards muscle gain. At this stage, you can start to increase the time for each move to about 45 seconds, where you will take a 30 second to 1-minute rest break between each circuit for anywhere from 30 to 45 minutes total.Circuit Training Geared Towards WomenCircuit training has many advantages already discussed, from improving your respiratory system to helping you get stronger and healthier. While discussions on what health means have started to expand to include being able to be independent in old age or not having to stop doing the physical activities you love, the unfortunate tr uth is that fitness programs still seem to pander to an image of health defined by physical appearance.Luckily, by understanding the role of gender stereotypes on beauty standards, you can be a more informed consumer when it comes to picking a fitness service to start using. One of the best ways to take advantage of this is by looking at circuit training that is geared towards empowering women.In general, women and men tend to have different fitness goals. While the majority of men want to work on areas of the body like the biceps and shoulders, women tend to focus more on working their triceps and glutes.Another area women tend to focus on is weight loss. Just like circuit training can be especially adapted to those seeking to gain muscle, those looking to lose weight can also mould their circuits to accomplish this goal - no matter where you are on the gender spectrum.Some of the moves that you can expect to see in a circuit training session meant for weight loss are:PushupsCrunch esJogging in place or mountain climbersBurpeesPlankWhatever your reason for getting into circuit training, there are a few basic rules you should follow when it comes to any type of workout program. The first is to always make sure you hydrate during your workout as necessary and to always keep a bottle of water nearby.Next, make sure you properly warm up and cool down before and after any workout as your body needs. This won’t only prevent injuries but can also make any workout more meaningful. Lastly, make sure you practice methods that help you relax and de-stress for a healthy mind as well as a healthy body. Feeling great mentally is often more important to how you perceive yourself than how you look physically.Get a personal trainer London here. Completing a full workout everyday can help your heart and lungsAdvantages of Practicing this Optimized WorkoutNow that we’ve gone through how to take the most advantage of strength exercises through circuit training, such as toning your body or helping your heart get stronger, here are some of the other important advantages of circuit training you might want to consider before starting your fitness journey.One of the great things about starting a circuit training program is that it can help increase your metabolism. This basically is the term that’s given to all the processes involved in keeping your cells and body in a living condition. Your metabolism is most known for being in charge of converting the calories in your food to energy - however, it is also in charge of providing this energy to important functions of your body such as breathing or repairing cells.Whether you’re doing crunches, rowing, or burpees - practicing circuit training can help improve your metabolic rat e so that you not only burn calories more efficiently but so that you can also start to feel better in your body.Circuit training is also a great way to build your body’s endurance. Whether you’re interested in running marathons or simply want to help your body feel less exhausted at work, practicing circuit training can help improve the endurance you use on a daily basis.

Cleaning Your Guitar

Cleaning Your Guitar How to Play a Clean Guitar ChaptersHow to Keep Your Guitar in Good ConditionWhat Accessories Do You Need to Clean a Guitar?How to Clean Your Guitar NeckHow to Clean a Guitar’s Body“Music is a necessity. After food, air, water and warmth, music is the next necessity of life.” - Keith RichardsElectric guitars, acoustic guitars, and electro-acoustic guitars all need to be maintained to sound good and play well. Changing the strings, cleaning the neck, and even cleaning out the case are all great ways to take care of your guitar.   In fact, like all stringed instruments, a guitar needs to regularly maintained.The electric guitar is the most popular instrument for children in the UK to learn.So are you ready to look after your guitar?Here’s our guide to guitar maintenance. PeterGuitar Teacher £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EdgarGuitar Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PaulGuitar Teacher 5.00 (12) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DanielGuitar Teacher 5.00 (3) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToddGuitar Teacher 4.75 (4) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SamueleGuitar Teacher 5.00 (5) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors KurtGuitar Teacher 5.00 (3) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RyanGuitar Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsHow to Keep Your Guitar in Good ConditionYou must regularly maintain your guitar to ensure that it’s in good condition and unharmed by humidity in the air. Make sure that you regularly look after your guitar. (Source: obBilder)So how can you take care of your instrument?It’s a good idea to clean the guitar with a soft cloth before playing.  There are specialised products for cleaning guitars and basses that you can buy in music shops.You can also find them in online stores like Thomann and Woodbrass.Make sure you keep your guitar in a dry place. Humidity can warp the wood and heat can make it shrink. In the long term, a warm and humid place will affect the tuning and sound and eventually render it unplayable.You also need to think about the instrument’s exposure to sunlight. Don’t leave it by a south-facing window or in direct sunlight will harm the tone.  Don’t leave the guitar on the sofa or a stand by a window, radiator, or heat source.Purists will tell you that you need to clean under the strings with a cloth. A microfibre cloth can also do the trick. Don't use a vacuum cleaner as you'll run the risk of scratching the wood.S weat and acid can build up on the strings and cause them to rust. You can also wipe down all the parts that you make contact with: the neck, body, machine heads, etc.  You don’t want a sticky and dirty guitar, after all.What Accessories Do You Need to Clean a Guitar?In addition to a cloth, what other accessories do you need to clean acoustic, electric, or electro-acoustic guitars? You don't need to be that serious when cleaning your guitar. There are kits you can get. (Source: klimkin)You don’t need a lot of tools to keep your guitar in top condition. Start with a neck rest for your guitar.  This will allow you to lay the guitar down when you’re changing strings or cleaning the guitar.To get rid of any buildup on the neck and frets such as grease, sweat, dead skin, etc., you’ll need to loosen the strings and retune the guitar when you’ve finished.You can also replace the strings at this time if necessary.  The more intensely you play, the more often you’ll need to restring your guitar.For example, you should change the strings on your guitar at least once a year if you’re a beginner playing irregularly but you should change your strings once a month if you play daily.There are different strings and some are more durable than others.  For example, Elixir strings are quite hardy.To clean and maintain your guitar, you’ll need:A cloth.Rubbing alcohol (if your guitar is varnished).Linseed oil to make unfinished wood shine.A tuner for new strings.Wire cutters for cutting new strings.A string winder.A pin remover for acoustic guitars.You can find guitar maintenance kits that include all these things as well as a polish for the body and lemon oil for the fretboards.The lemon oil is for ebony and rosewood fretboards. Be careful with maple necks as the lemon oil can remove the varnish. Choose the product based on the type of guitar that you have.  You might even want a hygrometer to check if the air is too humid or not.Find out more about the different types of guitar.How to Clean Your Guitar NeckOnce you’ve done all this, you might want to clean the neck, the fretboard, the body, the bridge, and even the strings. Private guitar tutors can show you how to restring a guitar and clean the strings. The type of fretboard will dictate how you have to clean it. (Source: herryway)So how can I do it if I’m teaching myself?Loosen the strings one by one to clean the neck and fretboard.  Delicately rub the surface of the neck and body with a soft cloth with soapy water or rubbing alcohol.  Polish all the nooks and crannies where dust and residue can build up: the bridge, frets, head, machine heads. After you’ve cleaned the neck, restring your guitar.Some blogs recommend that you use sewing machine oil on the tuning pegs. You might also want to tighten all the screws at this moment.Normally, the sound of your guitar will be improved by cleaning or changing the string.  The better a guitar is maintained, the better it’ll sound. Old, dirty strings don’t sound good.Learn how to hold a guitar.How to Clean a Guitar’s BodyAs a guitar’s body gets dirty over time, you’ll need the right products to clean it. There are different products available. Some are available for a few quid or you can get whole kits for around £40. Make sure that you protect your guitar when out and about, especially after having cleaned it! (Source: gedeprism)The product you choose will depend on the type of sound box your guitar has.  A cloth can clean a guitar body and some polish will make it shine.  Some musicians even use glass cleaner.A damp cloth with warm soapy water can also do the trick. However, use a dry cloth for the pickups as electronics and water don’t tend to go well together.To dust your pickups, a flexible toothbrush and air cleaner can get rid of dust and moisture. You don’t want the metal parts to rust.Can’t remember all of this?Guitar specialists can also do it for you.  They can clean and set up your guitar: adjust the tone, tuning, and action of your guitar. They can also check the circuity of electric guitars. Similarly, they can also check the bridge on acoustic guitars to make sure that it’s still glued down as the nut can sometimes come away, affecting the guitar’s tuning.If you'd like to learn more about how to play the guitar, there are plenty of useful resources online. You can find tablature sites to show you how to play certain songs as well as video tutorials on sites like YouTube. However, if you prefer to be taught how to play, you should consider getting in touch with one of the many talented and experienced guitar tutors on Superprof.There are three types of guitar tutorial available: face-to-face, online, and group. Each of these come with their pros and cons and it's really up to you to choose which one works best with your learning style and your budget.Generally speaking, face-to-face tutorials are the most effective as they're just between you and your tutor. Your tutor can focus all their time and energy on you during the tutorial and also plan the tutorials with you in mind. However, this bespoke service comes at a cost and while guitar tutors don't tend to charge a fortune, face-to-face tutorials are usually the most costly type of tutorial availabl e.Online tutorials are similar to face-to-face tutorials in the respect that they're just between the tutor and the student but their main difference is that the tutor won't be there with you in the room. Instead, they'll be teaching you remotely via webcam and video conferencing software. While these types of tutorials tend to be cheaper than face-to-face tutorials, they do have the disadvantage of not being as effective for hands-on subjects.Finally, there are group tutorials. With several students in a single tutorial, you won't get as much one-on-one time with your tutor and there's no guarantee that the tutorials will be tailored to you; there are other students that need to be taught, after all. With all the students footing the bill, these tutorials tend to work out the cheapest per student per hour.Personally, if you're not sure whether or not you'd like to learn how to play the guitar, I'd recommend starting with group tutorials as they're less of an investment. Once you ge t serious about the guitar, then you can move onto face-to-face tutorials and start learning exactly what you want.  Don't forget that many of the tutors on Superprof offer the first hour of tuition for free. Use this time to see if they're the right tutor for you!

Should I Go To Stony Brook University

Should I Go To Stony Brook University The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Marc is a graduate of Stony Brook University from which he earned a Bachelors degree in Biochemistry in 2013. He is a New York City tutor who specializes in Algebra tutoring, Chemistry tutoring, Pre-Calculus tutoring, and a number of other subjects. See what he had to say about his experience at Stony Brook: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Marc: Stony Brook is a safe, beautiful campus with multiple options for transportation. There is a bus system that allows for transportation to destinations both within and outside of the campus. There are also locations on campus where students may rent bikes, as well asa train within walking distance that can take students to New York City. VT:How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Marc: Availability varies from professor to professor. That said, most are accommodating, and they will allow students to schedule an appointment if they are unable to meet during regularly scheduled office hours. Academic advisers and teaching assistants tend to be enthusiastic and eager to help students. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Marc: The quality of rooms varies from building to building, as well as within the buildings themselves. The university tends to house three freshmen per room. This may be uncomfortable if you are used to having your own room. However, the university does start to de-triple during the second semester. Moving on, campus dining is not five stars by any means. However, it is certainly not the worst food I have eaten. I would say it is above average, albeit expensive. With regard to social life, I would say there are many opportunities to meet new people. However, Stony Brook is a commuter school, which means the campus will be quieter on the weekends. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Marc: Stony Brook University offers a variety of degree programs, from the arts to the sciences. I initially found out about Stony Brook because of its reputation for being strong in the sciences. Having worked towards and attained a biochemistry degree, I can confirm this. There are also many research opportunities and a hospital to acquire clinical experience at if you are pre-medicine. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Marc: As a freshman, it was easy to make friends within classes and inside the dorms themselves. The dorms have pool tables and ping pong tables. Engaging in these activities may be one way to meet new people and make friends. Playing basketball is another waythere are many basketball courts throughout campus. These are just a few of the possible ways. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Marc: From my experience with the Career Center, I can vouch that they are extremely helpful and friendly. They helped me format my resume correctly, and they answered any questions I had. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Marc: The libraries are normally quiet and not over-crowded. It is easy to find a good area to study. They also have quiet lounges located in dorm buildings. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Marc: The surrounding area contains a shopping mall, various supermarkets, Walmart, and a movie theater. There is also a nearby train that goes to New York City. Students seem to enjoy visiting the city. VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Marc: The student body is fairly large. Some of the science classes, particularly the introductory sciences, contain hundreds of students. Recitations accompany the lectures. Recitations usually contain 30 students, and they are taught by graduate students. Because of the large class size, it may be difficult to ask a question during lecture. Despite this, it is easy to get one-on-one help from the professor during office hours or from your graduate teaching assistant during recitation. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Marc:Two of my favorite classes happen to be sociology classes I took with Dr. Marrone. She is extremely kind and effectively relays course material. Check out Marcs tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

Aboriginal Australia

Aboriginal Australia Who were the First People in Australia? ChaptersA Brief History of MigrationThe People of AustraliaLife in Indigenous AustraliaLeisure ActivitiesTechnology of the Australian aboriginal PeopleLegacy of Australia's Native PeopleOver the last few years, the term ‘aboriginal’ used to refer to indigenous populations in Australia has been called to question for its racist connotations.However, this word is perfectly fit for use without capitalising the first letter; it is Latin for ‘original inhabitant’.Another good reason to not use that word when speaking of Australia’s native people is the diversity of cultures, languages and histories of the various tribes.Whether considered singly or overall, encapsulating all that they represent in a single â€" some say hurtful adjective does them a great disservice.That puts us in a rather difficult position, seeing as we aim to uncover as much of their history, culture and achievements as possible in a reasonably lengthy article rather than a ponderous tome.Still, your Superpro f is up to the challenge; in fact, the thrill of discovery is upon us!Let us not tarry, then... MarkHistory Teacher 5.00 (3) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JohnHistory Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarjotteHistory Teacher 5.00 (4) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ErinHistory Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ChantelleHistory Teacher 5.00 (2) £17/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AndriyHistory Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PeterHistory Teacher £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SerenaHistory Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsA Brief History of Migration Bush tucker is typical fare eaten by original Australians Image by pen_ash from PixabayThe challenge of establishing the history of indigenous Australians lies in the fact that, until European ships arrived, there were no records save for oral histories.To establish a tentative record of past events, archaeologists rely on the tools of their trade: radiocarbon and luminescence dating and, more recently, DNA testing.Such a test, conducted on a human skeleton found in Lake Mungo’s dry bed puts humans on the Australian continent around 65,000 years ago.Other remains, found in Victoria, indicated by their skeletons â€" thick brow ridges and very large teeth, that they were from a different branch of the hominid tree.Taken together, the difference in species seems to suggest that there was more than one migration event into Australia. This is a topic that is hotly debated still today.In spite of those (and other) indications, the prevalent theory is that a single migration populated the continent between 64,000 to 75,000 years ago.Even within that single postulate is room for discussion: whether they island-hopped, built boats or walked over the land bridge across the Arafura Sea to arrive in Australia.As sea levels were around 100 meters lower at that time, it may have been possible to walk but the more likely happening was that they were the first mariners ever.Once there, they became one of the most remarkable cultures â€" not for their evolution but for their seeming lack thereof.Discover one of the most evolved societies in Antiquity: Ancient EgyptThe People of AustraliaToday, we recognise two distinct groups of people indigenous to Australia: Australians natives and Torres Strait Islanders.Within those major categorisations, there exist several tribes unique onto themselves even though they share certain cultural elements.The largest tribes or groups were identified by the language they spoke which, in turn, was recognised at a part of the territory they occ upied.Quite possibly, there are more than 500 such groups; some of the most prominent aboriginal tribes include:The Murrawarri people: New South Wales/Queensland regionThe Koori in New South Wales and VictoriaThe Ngunnawal of the Australian Capital TerritoryThe Goori in Southeast QueenslandThe Nyungar in southern Western AustraliaThe Anangu in northern South AustraliaThe Arrernte in Central AustraliaThe Palawah in TasmaniaThe Tiwi on the Tiwi IslandsWhile some groups who lived fairly close spoke a dialect of that territory and shared cultural features, by no means could these alliances be considered political or economic in nature.As the tribes were all nomadic, they laid no claim to any territory. As they were hunter-gatherers, they had no crops to defend.They had no political agenda and no economy to cultivate or support... but that doesn’t mean that there were no conflicts!Encroaching on another tribe’s hunting ground could spark tribal warfare, often resulting in revenge kil lings. Also, women and children often fell victim to violence from other tribes and even within their own tribe.Find out how gender roles played out in other ancient civilisations.Other than that, how was life before European colonization? MarkHistory Teacher 5.00 (3) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JohnHistory Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarjotteHistory Teacher 5.00 (4) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ErinHistory Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ChantelleHistory Teacher 5.00 (2) £17/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AndriyHistory Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PeterHistory Teacher £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SerenaHistory Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsLife in Indigenous Australia Australian cave paintings depict scenes from everyday life or spiritual beliefs Image by ejakob from PixabayUntil 1788, when European explorers first arrived, the tribes of Australia were still using stone tools.In fact, the entire period prior to the arrival of colonists is considered a continuation of the Stone Age because there was no metal in use.As mentioned before, the tribes were semi-nomadic hunter-gatherers; they did not plant crops or harvest until after European settlers had commanded vast portions of the most habitable land.For millennia, they lived in harmony with their land, their beliefs and their gods.GovernmentIndigenous Australian spiritual beliefs had no hierarchy â€" each deity and spirit was equally powerful and important.Thus, the people native to Australia endeavoured to mirror their beliefs by not establishing any social hierarchy.Healers and elders, with their long life experience and deep spirituality, were revered for those qualities, not for having been se lected to lead.Even so, their status as leader was/is only conditional; another member may emerge as a leader if s/he offers a more effective solution to a situation.In some groups, women played a powerful leadership role, but only insofar as women’s issues were concerned.The issue of government did not bear any significance until the British started colonising the land; they felt that some delegate from the groups in question should be available to talk with them.Thus, unwittingly, the British established hierarchies within the native tribes.How did the Mayans differ from other South American civilisations?Spiritual BeliefsThough each tribe had their own oral traditions, belief systems and spiritual values, the overarching theme was respect for the land and the significance of The Dreamtime.The Dreamtime refers both to the creation of the land and to the state of dreaming that humans enjoy.According to this creation myth, ‘First Peoples’ rose from the land and walked across i t, naming plants and animals as they went.Contrary to many other belief systems, theirs does not indicate that humans are above or apart from other animals or even the land; a remarkable equality among living things and the land permeates these beliefs.The Rainbow Serpent is considered the ultimate Creator; it resides under the land, in a permanent water hole. As the legend goes, it moved beneath the land, creating mountains and gorges.Where it emerged would be a body of water â€" the Serpent controls all of the water.In some groups, the serpent is male and in others, female. Yet others assign it both genders while still others maintain its gender is ambiguous.For many groups, Baiame is the Sky Father; creator of the land and hills, the trees and beasts. He gave people their laws of life, their traditions and their songs.He also created the first bora, a place where boys are initiated into manhood.Women are forbidden from seeing any depictions of Baiame, nor may they approach any su ch sacred sites.It would be difficult to give a rundown of every deity and belief the many tribes of Australia hold sacred but, looking at their most powerful symbols of creation gives us a good idea of their venerations.How did the Inca honour their gods?Significant CeremoniesAs you might imagine, indigenous people observed many rites, holding ceremonies when required.For instance, fire-stick farming was seen as good land husbandry; people felt it was their duty to take care of their natural environment. We talk more about the use of fire a little further on.Other rituals include:Male Initiation CeremonyFor a male to reach adulthood is a lengthy process; first, he must engage in what used to be called a walkabout: a period of several months in which he would leave his group and fend for himself.Once he returned, the bora would ensue.  Physical ordeals they might have endured included scarification, circumcision and tooth loss.Also during this time, they would be told of the tribe†™s legends and religious visions. They would be taught all of the sacred songs and dances. For some groups, the solemnity of the occasion would be broken by feasting.Females were barred from this rite. Initiation ceremonies tend to be very elaborate Image by falco from PixabayThe Smoking CeremonyAfter a bora or after a new child was born, members of the groups would set various plants to smoulder, producing a smoke believed to have cleansing properties.It was also believed to ward off bad spirits.CorroboreeThis event gave people the means of interacting with The Dreamtime.Wearing costumes, paint and adornments not commonly worn, people would dance, sing and act out parts of The Dreaming.This word is actually an anglicisation of ‘caribberie’, a word which, in turn, means different things to different groups of native Australians.Conversely, the concept of celebrating The Dreamtime is represented differently across all of Australia.Between territory squabbles and internal conflict, constant migration and rituals, was there any time for fun?What did the Ancient Greeks do for fun?Leisure ActivitiesSadly, much of what entertained the aboriginal people of Australia has been lost to h istory. However, there is some retelling of games involving a ball made of possum hide.Marn Grook, a word from the Weiwurung language that means ‘ball’ or ‘game’ is taken to represent all manner of pastimes involving kicking and catching a ball.Although this activity’s rules varied from group to group across the regions, it bore a strong similarity to football... although more than 100 people may have played in any match-up.Art features prominently in these cultures; examples of such date back thousands of years.the didgeridoo, considered one of the oldest musical instruments to date, is a long tube of eucalyptus with no finger holes that the player blows into to create sound.  Typically, playing that instrument was a 'males only' proposition.Other musical instruments include: clapsticks, bull roarers and gum leaf - a free reed instrument.Three major regional styles of aboriginal art include a simple figurative style found in Queensland; a complex figurative style Arnhem L and and a geometric style that radiates out from Central Australia.In terms of age and abundance, aboriginal art is said to be on par with the caves in Lascaux; in fact, experts agree that this is the world’s oldest continuing art tradition.The paint used to render these works is the same ochre that they adorn themselves with for ritual celebrations. A musician playing a didgeridoo and clapsticks Image by John R Perry from PixabayTechnology of the Australian aboriginal PeopleAs a hunter-gatherer society of the Stone Age, nothing went to waste; not even women’s hair.A woman’s long hair would provide ample material to make a string that could fasten arrowheads to spear poles.  They would braid strands of hair together to make general-purpose belts that held tools or from which a loincloth could hang.Hair was also used to make baskets and fishing nets, headbands or supports for a coolamon â€" a carrying vessel generally borne on the head.Tree bark also had many uses, from building shelters to building canoes.More advanced devices included the boomerang and the message stick â€" symbols engraved on a piece of wood approximately 30cm long, which would be delivered to other groups.Sometimes, the purpose of these message sticks was to invite a nearby tribe to a corobboree.The Use of FireIn Australia, evidence of fire was found that dates back 100,000 years.What’s remarkable is that people had discovered a way to harness fire’s power to clear otherwise impenetrable brush, to drive game animals and to produce new growth of food plants.In that sense, you might say that the original Australians were fire farmers.Fire was also used to communicate with distant tribes, drive dangerous inhabitants out of underbrush â€" snakes and poisonous insects, and to increase diversity in food plants.However, care was taken to not burn the jungles that were home to their guiding spirits.How did the Aztecs manage their jungle growth?Legacy of Australia's Native PeopleIf it hadn’t been for European explorers, native Australians might have continued to live the way they had for centuries.What truly impacted the native people of Australia was British Colonisation.To be sure, we weren’t the first ones to land but we were the ones to stay... and we brought our social ills and diseases with us.Influenza, measles and smallpox esp ecially proved devastating; within a year, approximately half of the native population in the Sidney area had succumbed to them.It is true that Governor Phillip, the first ‘leader’ of the colonies, did his best to adhere to his orders: find a way to live with the natives, but he couldn’t be everywhere at once. Several of his underlings got away with massacring entire tribes.Although he did eventually find a cooperative liaison, it took a few more centuries to finally accord indigenous Australians the right to live according to their culture and beliefs.It is difficult to assess the legacy of the oldest continuous civilisation because they still live and we hope they will continue to do so â€" under their own rites and laws.Now discover what happened with the Mesopotamian civilisation.

Math Failures Are Not Regrettable - Why

Math Failures Are Not Regrettable - Why Math is a subject which is much dreaded. Once students falter in the subject, they feel frustrated and do not want to continue with their Math studies. Truly speaking, Math failures are the ones that step up subject success. How do Math failures turn out negative? It is very common to err and very, very common to err in Math. So, Math failures occur at any point of time. Kids who are very good at computational skills may go wrong in their conceptual approach to Math topics at advanced level. Or it can be that they misconstrue Math symbols and fail miserably as in fixing the unknown values in Algebra. It is only the attitude that turns Math failures negative and makes students develop phobia and anxiety about the subject. Who make a mess of Math failures? Primarily it is parents and teachers who make a mess of Math failures. Most of the parents have Math anxiety on their part and they enforce the same on their kids. When kids face a miserable situation like poor grades in a Math test, they jump to the conclusion that their kids are like them and they will not be able to accomplish Math successfully. Read Also:  A Survey of Mathematical Education. The Causes of Student Dropout Most of the teachers have a tendency to discourage kids once they fail in a Math test. Students naturally shrink within themselves and do not have the confidence to attend Math classes. Peers also cause disturbance in Math learning with their power struggles and comparative talks. So, Math failures cause lots of mental tremors in students and push them to hate the subject. How do Math failures become stepping stones to success? When students detect Math disabilities in them, they should not be afraid of the onslaught of failures upon them. They can work on them with an able Online Math Tutor and come out of their cringing situations. In fact, these failures sow the seed of good fundamentals and strong skills in them. Once they understand where they err, they will not go back on them and would venture to learn with more seriousness, attitude and focus. #Failure Is Just A Stepping Stone To #Success If You See It That Way https://t.co/4YX9jxA1qS pic.twitter.com/x7Y7KzmBJf â€" Tutor Pace (@TutorPace) April 19, 2016 The need of online tutors in Math learning The thing you need is somebody to encourage you when you go wrong in Math. Tutors online have the patience to do it and help you with proper solutions to catch hold of the areas where you prove weak. The tutors write the sums on white board with you and correct your errors on the spot and provide strategies that do not allow you to err again. Math homework help online is the right destination for students to come out of their erring spots and learn the subject with a positive attitude.

GCSE Poem analysis Loves Philosophy by Percy Bysshe Shelley

GCSE Poem analysis Love's Philosophy by Percy Bysshe Shelley What is it about? Love's Philosophy poem is a romantic lover's playful argument, putting forward his case for the union of love. Natural imagery and strong rhyme appeal to the reader's senses, presenting this relationship as something innocent, simple and inevitable.'Philosophy' here means an argument or a way-of-thinking. Love's Philosophy by Percy Bysshe Shelley The fountains mingle with the river And the rivers with the ocean, The winds of heaven mix forever With a sweet emotion; Nothing in the world is single, All things by a law divine In another's being mingle - Why not I with thine? See the mountains kiss high heaven, And the waves clasp one another; No sister-flower would be forgiven If it disdained its brother: And the sunlight clasps the earth, And the moonbeams kiss the sea - What is all this sweet work worth, If thou kiss not me? Overview The first stanza begins with descriptions of the natural world 'mixing' with itself and pushes this as a good example for the poet and their beloved. This is addressed by the tender and slightly archaic 'thee'. What is then painted is a  picture of an airy, nature-loving poet describing the scene in front of him and his fellow walker. He then  draws a lesson from it, turning to speak to his silent beloved. In the second stanza of Love's Philosophy this address is intensified. The poet instructs the reader, in the position of the beloved, to look around and 'see the mountains kiss high heaven'.The genial, playful invitation of a 'kiss' is an easier finish that the hope to 'mingle' in each other's being.A rhetorical question at the end of each stanza begs a response of some sort - surely, the poet hopes, a wordless one! 'Romantic' and Romantic poetry Our modern use of the word 'romantic' relates to an idealised sort of love. More specifically, to the state of 'being in love', characterised by powerful, irresistible emotions, gift-giving, the idealisation of a beloved and the prioritisation of the relationship above everything else. However, the poetry of the Romantic poets was not just restricted to describing love. William Wordsworth defined poetry as the 'spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings' in his preface to the Lyrical Ballads. One common theme is that experiences were understood by Romantic poets through their effects on personal emotions. This is partly where our modern 'romantic' love idea comes from. However, poetry by Wordsworth, Shelley and Coleridge often shared other hallmark characteristics. For example, the use of natural imagery and simple verse forms. As this poem by Shelley includes all of these, it is a good example of a Romantic romantic poem. Form and structure Love's Philosophy has a trochaic metre - a pattern of stressed, then unstressed syllables, with four beats in the first three lines of each quatrain and three in the fourth. The two stanzas are each a pair of alternately-rhymed quatrains, rhyming ababcdcd. There is a strong relationship with the archetypal ballad metre used by many romantic poets. The trochaic metre also gives the poem a slightly heavy, dreamy feel when read aloud, particularly since ten of the sixteen lines are full trochaic, disyllabic rhymes (like ocean/emotion or heaven/forgiven). Several lines begin with an extra 'upbeat' (properly called an 'analectic' syllable as it extends the normal length of a line). This slight irregularity helps the poem feel spontaneous, despite the cleverness of its composition. Language The natural imagery in this poem is relatively simplistic and uncomplicated: 'fountains', 'rivers' and 'oceans' are all unmodified and free from descriptive clutter. The 'winds of heaven' and 'high heaven' can scarcely be called richly descriptive. 'moonbeams', 'mountains' and the 'sea' are also unmodified. I think there is an innocence about this sort of language, fitting the scene of two lovers on a hilltop. He needn't describe what we can see with our own eyes, after all. This innocence continues in the description of a 'sister-flower' and its 'brother'. The relationship the poet imagines between flowers is fraternal and childish, so the word 'disdain' feels out of place as the idea of aloofness between siblings. Perhaps the use of 'thine' and 'thou' rather than 'your' and 'you' also reinforces this. In Shelley's day, thee and thou were still in use, but less so among people of higher status. Repetitive uses of 'clasp' describing how the waves hold one another, and how the immaterial light of the sun seems to touch the earth, bring this very physical world to the fore. It certainly has a sensual, if not sexual, connotation, but its effect is rather more repetition to persuade, rather than shock. After all, if everything in nature 'clasps' freely, and if the elements around 'mix' with one another so readily, even obeying the command of God (if, unlike Shelley, his reader still believes in God's command to procreate), then turning down the poet's request for a kiss is like disagreeing with the laws of nature and God, isn't it? For extra support with poetry analysis, why not book a lesson with one of our experienced  GCSE English tutor? With  Tutorfair   you can browse through a selection of great tutors, to find the right one for you. For More GCSE poem analyses similar to Love's Philosophy:  The Farmer's Bride, Neutral Tones,  Nettles, The Yellow Palm, My Last Duchess, and Medusa, Praise Song for My Mother

Why I volunteer - Alliyahs story

Why I volunteer - Alliyah's story Alliyah volunteers through the Tutorfair Foundation's “Tuition for all” programme, where tutors help students who are struggling at school and cannot afford private tuition. Here, Alliyah shares her uplifting story of overcoming her fear of tutoring to discover the rewards and fun that come with volunteering alongside the Tutorfair Foundation. I distinctly remember how terrified I was on my first day of tutoring. The expected anxiety of ‘what if the students hate me?’ was tirelessly running through my mind the whole day. But as I left the session that day I left with a smile on my face. They didn’t totally hate me! Success! I looked through their work like a proud mother, excitedly planning the next week's session in my mind. That’s not to say tutoring was always easy, it had its rough moments. It also involved a LOT of effort and motivation, because if I wasn’t motivated my students wouldn’t be, and if I wasn’t prepared with resources and backup resources then my lessons were likely to spiral out of control. Personally, I don’t want to be a teacher. I think it takes a special kind of patience and selflessness to teach high school students. But despite this, I’m proud of my Tutorfair experience. I conquered a huge fear; I took time out of my packed schedule and enjoyed planning/teaching. It was the rare moments when one of my students would look at me and say ‘miss, you make me want to learn’ or see that spark in their eye when they accomplished something they may have struggled with before. Little moments like that make the experience very rewarding. Tutorfair also provides you with a lot of personal support, as well as training. We had a program manager who was with us every step of the way, emailing us with helpful resources or just general words of encouragement. For a first time tutor like myself it was an invaluable form of support! I would recommend tutoring with Tutorfair to anyone, not just those interested in teaching. The programme requires you to take responsibility for lesson planning, allowing you to study your students carefully, their ability and the little things they struggle with. In this situation you are the responsible adult, and your students expect you to provide them with support. That in itself is a maturing experience. So yes, tutoring can be scary, and tiring, and sometimes emotionally draining. But it can also be rewarding and fun and character building. I had never tutored before, but I’m glad I chose Tutorfair. I felt safe and supported during the new venture I was undertaking. Alliyah R - Paddington Academy Volunteer - English